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## Non-degenerate form induces adjoint linear operators

Solution to Linear Algebra Hoffman & Kunze Chapter 9.2 Exercise 9.2.9 Solution: We can always define an inner product on a finite-dimensional vector space $V$. Hence we shall assume that…

## Relation between non-degenerate forms and linear functionals

Solution to Linear Algebra Hoffman & Kunze Chapter 9.2 Exercise 9.2.8 Solution: We can always define an inner product on a finite-dimensional vector space $V$. Hence we shall assume that…

## Form is left non-degenerate if and only if it is right non-degenerate

Solution to Linear Algebra Hoffman & Kunze Chapter 9.2 Exercise 9.2.7 Solution: Call the form $f$ right non-degenerate if $0$ is the only vector $\alpha$ such that $f(\beta,\alpha)=0$ for all…

## Form is non-degenerate if and only if the associated linear operator is non-singular

Solution to Linear Algebra Hoffman & Kunze Chapter 9.2 Exercise 9.2.6 Solution: If $f$ is non-degenerate, we show that $T_f$ is non-singular. Suppose $T_f\alpha=0$ for some $\alpha\in V$, then we…

## Diagonalize a symmetric matrix associated to a form

Solution to Linear Algebra Hoffman & Kunze Chapter 9.2 Exercise 9.2.5 Solution: The matrix of $f$ in the standard basis is given by $\begin{pmatrix}1 & 2\\2& 4\end{pmatrix}$. Its  eigenvalues are…

## Symmetric sesqui-linear form over $\mathbb C$ is zero

Solution to Linear Algebra Hoffman & Kunze Chapter 9.2 Exercise 9.2.4 Solution: Since $f$ is a form, we have $f$ is linear on $\alpha$. Since $f(\alpha,\beta)=f(\beta,\alpha)$, we also have $f$…

## Check if a form is an inner product

Solution to Linear Algebra Hoffman & Kunze Chapter 9.2 Exercise 9.2.3 Solution: Because $A=A^*$, we have$\overline{g(X,Y)}=(Y^*AX)^*=X^*AY=g(Y,X).$It is also clear that $g$ defines a form. Hence we only need to check…

## Find the matrix of a form with respect to a basis

Solution to Linear Algebra Hoffman & Kunze Chapter 9.2 Exercise 9.2.2 Solution: It is not a form! I think it should be $$f((x_1,y_1),(x_2,y_2))=x_1x_2+y_1y_2.$$Then the matrices are\[\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0\\ 0 &…

## Verify if they are sesqui-linear forms

Solution to Linear Algebra Hoffman & Kunze Chapter 9.2 Exercise 9.2.1 Solution: (a) No. Since $f(0,\beta)\ne 0$. (b) No. Since $f((0,0),(1,0))\ne 0$. (c) Yes. Since $f(\alpha,\beta)=4x_1\bar y_1$. (d) No. Because…

## Solve general linear equations with $2\times 2$ matrix

Solution to Linear Algebra Hoffman & Kunze Chapter 1.3 Exercise 1.3.8 Solution: (a) In this case the system of equations is \begin{alignat*}{1} 0\cdot x_1 + 0\cdot x_2 &= 0\\ 0\cdot…